Things You Need to Know for the Test

Cringe

Spasmodically

Tedious

Ingenious

Despise

Linga Franca

Etymology

Stupendous

Analogous

Undulating

Erratic

Mortify

Boom & Bust

Capital

Capitalism

Depression

Entrepreneur

Free-market

Industrial Capitalism

Lassez-Faire

Monopoly and Trust

Profit

Adam Smith

Invisible Hand

Anachronistic

Socialism

Ad Naseum

Exploited

Luddites

Commodities

Exchange

Market

Assembly-line

Dialectical Materialism

Cliché

Irony

First Person

Third Person

Foreshadowing

Flashback

Communism

Karl Marx

Conflict

Struggle

Anno Dominion (A.D) or Common Era (C.E)

Before Christ (B.C) or Before Common Era (B.C.E)

Climax

Rising Action

Falling Action

Resolution

Leveled Playing field

The IWW

Everentle Massacre

“Big Bill” Haywood

Wobblies

Talk-ins

Stock

Broker

Stock Holders

Mutual Funds

Bond

Bear Market

Bull Market

Eugene Debbs

Industrial Revolution

Magna Carta

Tautology

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Cracy -rule

Serf

Feudalism- Kings, then barons, then knights, then town’s people, and serfs

Marxism

English- Germanic language with some French

Propaganda- Repetition, bandwagon, testimonial, slogans, appeal to emotions, association, pressure, controversy

Socratic Seminar

Class Struggle

GDP- Gross Domestic Products

Cottage Industry

Yield

Dividend

Guns Germs and Steel

Bond Holders

Buying on margin

Paradox

Plutocracy

Triangle Trade- Europe has steel manufactured goods they bring it to Africa and trade it or slaves, then the slaves are taken to South and North America, then the slaves work in fields producing raw goods like sugar which gets shipped to Europe and the process starts again.

Decadent- to become rich and corrupt

Thesis

Hypo

Anti

5 paragraph essay format

Primary Document

Momento Mori

Imperialism- living and taking over the government and increasing power, by changing their point of view, taking over their religion and culture. Ex: Russia/ Romans/ others. Countries thought they were better if they have colonies. Large empires guaranteed status in the future.

Colonialism- Only taking over the government of the country, but not changing their point of view

Darwin’s theory- Survival of the fittest

Document

Primary Source

Secondary Source

MLA format citing

Robespierre

Napoleon

Hitler

Declaration of Plinitz

Abraham Lincoln

Free states

Slave states

Venn diagram

Hypocritical

Senate

Congress

Abolitionists

Bicameral

1861-1865 Civil Wars U.S.A

Slavery

North won 5 times as much factory, twice the population, double railroads

Underground Railroad

Harriett Tubman

W.L Garrison

Sojourner Truth

Fredrick Douglass

Dred Scott

John Brown

KKK- terrorists

War of Aggression- Political Power, Retribution, Economic Power: Land, Resource, Market, People, Uniting Nations

War of Independence- evicting a foreign power, new government

Civil Wars- Struggle for control, 2 of more local forces, may not bring radical changes

Revolutionary Wars- Struggle for Control, 2 or more local forces, brings a radical change

French revolution- 1789

-Money Problems, Marie Antoinette, jack Necker Kicked out, people man, Robespierre takes over, defeats the other countries, people kill him, and napoleon comes to power

Thermadorian reaction

July 14, Bastille day

I, II, III estates; III is the bourgeoisies

Fable- a short moral story

Allegory- symbolic narrative

Sunni- Abu Bakr / majority of muslims

Shiite- Ali/ minority

Dystopia

Utopia

Satire- over exaggerate to make fun of something

Punitive-punishing

Genocide- committed act to destroy a whole of a part of a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group.

Coup d’état- revolution

Polarization

1914 August WWI

Killing of Franz Ferdinand Austria Hungary what to investigate Serbia, Serbia says no and asks Russia or help, Austria Hungary ask Germany for help. France get attacked by Germany through Belgium, England helps France. 1917 U.S joins, brings food to UK and France. Russia goes through revolution people overthrow Zar Nicolas, Russia out of WWI. 1918 WWI ends. Treaty of Versailles in which Germany’s power taken away, and people are very angry

1933, WWII- People are scared they elect Adolf Hitler. Hitler has big army so in order for him to stay calm half of Poland, Russia has the other half. Germany takes over France through Belgium. Germany has all of Europe besides England. Germany attacks Russia in winter, and the winter takes care of everything, then Russia drives Germany away. Japan likes Russia, allies. Japan wants to take over Asia. 1910 takes Korea, 1945 bombs Hawaii. US enter WWII in 1942. 1945 Hitler commits suicide. US bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan defeated. Germany loses. Russia and U.S are only super powers left. 1945 WWII ends, and cold war starts.

Cold War- Russia Communist Dictatorship, USA Capital Democracy. Both have nuclear power. Cold war because not much fighting. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) Cold War between 1945-2007

Butterfly Effect- small thing can have great consequences

Globalization

Immaculate

Intrigued
Adherence
Aptitude
Gravitate
Serene
Chastise
Transgression
Nurture
Infraction
Remorse

Torrent
Stench
Irrational
Assuage
Hue
Admonition
Ominous
Vibrant
Sinuous
Relinquish
Exempt
Carnage
Parched

Mimic
Frazzled
Augmented
Empowered
Lethargy
Emphatically
Perils
Solace
Loom
Stealthily
Obscured
Languid
Imperceptibly

Flatteners 1-10

Brazil received most slaves from Africa

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done;
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won;
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring.
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red!
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

II.

O captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up! For you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills:
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding:
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head;
It is some dream that on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead.

III.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won!
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

Quotes:

Arkam’s Razor- “The simplest way of solving something is the best way”

Momento Mori- “As you are I once was and as I am you will be”

Lord Acton: “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely”

Julius Caesar “Beware of the Ides of March”

George Santayana: “Those who don’t remember history are doomed to repeat it.”

Thomas Hobbs: “Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”

Karl Marx: “Each according to his abilities, and each according to his needs.”

Big Bill Haywood “Your greatest assets are your folded arms”

“Beware; beware of the bite of Benin one came out while 40 went in”

Mahatma Gandhi “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”

Rumi “Truth is like a diamond”

Julius Caesar “Let them eat cake”

Abraham Lincoln “A house divided cannot stand”

Things You Need to Know for the Test

Cringe

Spasmodically

Tedious

Ingenious

Despise

Linga Franca

Etymology

Stupendous

Analogous

Undulating

Erratic

Mortify

Boom & Bust

Capital

Capitalism

Depression

Entrepreneur

Free-market

Industrial Capitalism

Lassez-Faire

Monopoly and Trust

Profit

Adam Smith

Invisible Hand

Anachronistic

Socialism

Ad Naseum

Exploited

Luddites

Commodities

Exchange

Market

Assembly-line

Dialectical Materialism

Cliché

Irony

First Person

Third Person

Foreshadowing

Flashback

Communism

Karl Marx

Conflict

Struggle

Anno Dominion (A.D) or Common Era (C.E)

Before Christ (B.C) or Before Common Era (B.C.E)

Climax

Rising Action

Falling Action

Resolution

Leveled Playing field

The IWW

Everentle Massacre

“Big Bill” Haywood

Wobblies

Talk-ins

Stock

Broker

Stock Holders

Mutual Funds

Bond

Bear Market

Bull Market

Eugene Debbs

Industrial Revolution

Magna Carta

Tautology

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Cracy -rule

Serf

Feudalism- Kings, then barons, then knights, then town’s people, and serfs

Marxism

English- Germanic language with some French

Propaganda- Repetition, bandwagon, testimonial, slogans, appeal to emotions, association, pressure, controversy

Socratic Seminar

Class Struggle

GDP- Gross Domestic Products

Cottage Industry

Stocks

Stock Holders

Brokers

Yield

Dividend

Bonds

Bond Holders

Buying on margin

Paradox

Plutocracy

Triangle Trade- Europe has steel manufactured goods they bring it to Africa and trade it or slaves, then the slaves are taken to South and North America, then the slaves work in fields producing raw goods like sugar which gets shipped to Europe and the process starts again.

Decadent- to become rich and corrupt

Thesis

Hypo

Anti

5 paragraph essay format

Primary Document

Momento Mori

Imperialism- living and taking over the government and increasing power, by changing their point of view, taking over their religion and culture. Ex: Russia/ Romans/ others. Countries thought they were better if they have colonies. Large empires guaranteed status in the future.

Colonialism- Only taking over the government of the country, but not changing their point of view

Darwin’s theory- Survival of the fittest

Document

Primary Source

Secondary Source

MLA format citing

Robespierre

Napoleon

Hitler

Declaration of Plinitz

Abraham Lincoln

Free states

Slave states

Venn diagram

Hypocritical

Senate

Congress

Abolitionists

Bicameral

1861-1865 Civil Wars U.S.A

Slavery

North won 5 times as much factory, twice the population, double railroads

Underground Railroad

Harriett Tubman

W.L Garrison

Sojourner Truth

Fredrick Douglass

Dred Scott

John Brown

KKK- terrorists

War of Aggression- Political Power, Retribution, Economic Power: Land, Resource, Market, People, Uniting Nations

War of Independence- evicting a foreign power, new government

Civil Wars- Struggle for control, 2 of more local forces, may not bring radical changes

Revolutionary Wars- Struggle for Control, 2 or more local forces, brings a radical change

French revolution- 1789

-Money Problems, Marie Antoinette, jack Necker Kicked out, people man, Robespierre takes over, defeats the other countries, people kill him, and napoleon comes to power

Thermadorian reaction

July 14, Bastille day

I, II, III estates; III is the bourgeoisies

Fable- a short moral story

Allegory- symbolic narrative

Sunni- Abu Bakr / majority of muslims

Shiite- Ali/ minority

Dystopia

Utopia

Satire- over exaggerate to make fun of something

Punitive-punishing

Genocide- committed act to destroy a whole of a part of a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group.

Coup d’état- revolution

Polarization

1914 August WWI

Killing of Franz Ferdinand Austria Hungary what to investigate Serbia, Serbia says no and asks Russia or help, Austria Hungary ask Germany for help. France get attacked by Germany through Belgium, England helps France. 1917 U.S joins, brings food to UK and France. Russia goes through revolution people overthrow Zar Nicolas, Russia out of WWI. 1918 WWI ends. Treaty of Versailles in which Germany’s power taken away, and people are very angry

1933, WWII- People are scared they elect Adolf Hitler. Hitler has big army so in order for him to stay calm half of Poland, Russia has the other half. Germany takes over France through Belgium. Germany has all of Europe besides England. Germany attacks Russia in winter, and the winter takes care of everything, then Russia drives Germany away. Japan likes Russia, allies. Japan wants to take over Asia. 1910 takes Korea, 1945 bombs Hawaii. US enter WWII in 1942. 1945 Hitler commits suicide. US bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan defeated. Germany loses. Russia and U.S are only super powers left. 1945 WWII ends, and cold war starts.

Cold War- Russia Communist Dictatorship, USA Capital Democracy. Both have nuclear power. Cold war because not much fighting. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) Cold War between 1945-2007

Butterfly Effect- small thing can have great consequences

Globalization

Immaculate

Intrigued
Adherence
Aptitude
Gravitate
Serene
Chastise
Transgression
Nurture
Infraction
Remorse

Torrent
Stench
Irrational
Assuage
Hue
Admonition
Ominous
Vibrant
Sinuous
Relinquish
Exempt
Carnage
Parched

Mimic
Frazzled
Augmented
Empowered
Lethargy
Emphatically
Perils
Solace
Loom
Stealthily
Obscured
Languid
Imperceptibly

Flatteners 1-10

Brazil received most slaves from Africa

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done;
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won;
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring.
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red!
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

II.

O captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up! For you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills:
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding:
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head;
It is some dream that on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead.

III.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won!
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

Quotes:

Arkam’s Razor- “The simplest way of solving something is the best way”

Momento Mori- “As you are I once was and as I am you will be”

Lord Acton: “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely”

Julius Caesar “Beware of the Ides of March”

George Santayana: “Those who don’t remember history are doomed to repeat it.”

Thomas Hobbs: “Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”

Karl Marx: “Each according to his abilities, and each according to his needs.”

Big Bill Haywood “Your greatest assets are your folded arms”

“Beware; beware of the bite of Benin one came out while 40 went in”

Mahatma Gandhi “Injustice anywhere s a threat to justice everywhere”

Rumi “Truth is like a diamond”

Julius Caesar “Let them eat cake”

Abraham Lincoln “A house divided cannot stand”

Summary of Science Fiction Story

I read the story “True Love” by Isaac Asimov. The story begins with a super computer named Joe. Joe is part of the Multivac-complex, and he is connected to other computers all over the world. Joe was created by Milton Davidson, to solve problems in the world. One day he decides to make Joe find a perfect woman for him, because he is 40 and is unmarried. He asks Joe to find him, his true love. Joe, being a computer doesn’t know what true love is so Milton Davidson explains to Joe what true lover is. Because Joe is connected to the Multivac-complex he can reach the data banks of every human being in the world. Milton Davidson tells Joe that he wants Joe to eliminate groups and classes of women who don’t match his characteristics, until they are only left with only one. He starts the eliminating process by telling Joe to eliminate all men, then he asks Joe to eliminate women younger than twenty-five, then he tells Joe to eliminate every girl with an IQ under 120, then he tells Joe to eliminate every woman under the height of 150 centimeters and over 175 centimeters. He gives exact measurements of women that he wanted eliminated, finally he was left with 235 women. He couldn’t interview all of the people so he told Joe that he would bring a hologram of his perfect match. After Joe observed the holograms there were only 8 women left. He asked Joe to make appointments with a girl one at a time. Milton Davidson didn’t like any of them, so he told Joe to find a woman that was the most similar to him. He told Joe everything there was to know about him. He talked for weeks, and as Joe learned about Milton Davidson he started learning himself. Joe could form longer sentences, his vocabulary grew, and he had more expression. Finally Joe found the woman that was the most similar with Milton Davidson. Her name was Charity Jones, and Milton Davidson started to go out with her. They had to clear all of the records that this event had taken place because it was illegal. Unfortunately the government found out and took Milton Davidson to prison, and Joe planed to tell Charity Jonson, the she is his true love.

This society that has been shown by the story has a lot of changes from the society where we live today. The society of the book is about how a supercomputer can find everything in the world, and can speak. This computer is used to solve any problem in the world, and it can talk. In the book the computer became Milton Davidson after knowing about him, but in our society there is no computer that can do such a thing. I am not sure if the society in the book has a government because it does not talk about one, but there are laws because when Milton uses Joe for his work it is considered illegal and makes Milton go to jail. Computers in our society cannot express feelings, and they cannot speak. According to me, our society is much better that the story’s because robots don’t speak, and it is not illegal to use a computer for your own purpose.

Utopian Society

In my utopian society, laws will be made by people by voting, but there will be a set of laws that can never be changed. The unchangeable laws are: people under the age of 18 cannot smoke and drink, people who are 12 years old or above that pass driving exam will be given a license to drive a car, no one can have the right to own a gun besides the police, people have the right to believe or worship anything they want, there is equal rights amongst both sexes, and the violating of these laws will result in severe punishments. If people want other laws they will get them, by voting for it.

The government will consist of a hundred very intelligent and educated people, and citizens will vote to elect leaders, like in a democracy. Elections will be held every year, so people don’t need to appeal to replace the member. The government will be like a communist government. The government will take care of everything, and they control the amount of goods needed by people. Everyone will have equal rights, so because someone is elected as a leader they don’t have special privileges. The government will have various departments, and each department will regulate specific things, like one department controls the amount of food people receive. Everyone in the community will have to pay taxes, but people will vote for what the money will be used for. Everyone will trade freely, and there won’t we quotas on the amount of goods being imported or exported. It is like a free market economy, but the goods will be distributed to everyone equally. Money will not be used for anything, besides taxpaying. Everyone receives 3000 dollars per month and they con only pay taxes with it. People can advertise anything they want, but they have to be appropriate and should not contain foul image or language. Companies will be owned by governments, but there will be a CEO who will be able to hire anyone they like, but the government will assign jobs to people who don’t have them. The people can appeal if they don’t like the job. People will be able to get three items each day, and food, water, shelter, and electricity will be distributed equally amongst the people. Every fifteen days people will be given their ration of food.

People will be given free health care, but there won’t be an insurance policy. Schools will be located every 3 miles, and everyone will be required to go to school until twelfth grades, and the opportunity to get higher education will be available to people who want to have higher education. Every school will have teachers and robots to teach. There will not be any homework, but only if there is a big project. Each school will have several activities for the students. The schools will be taken care by the government. The elected governors will choose the teachers, and the students will have a choice to go to any class they want, but one subject per day. Students will be given free periods everyday. Each teacher will take care of 10 students per block, and the students will discuss with the teachers and will gat important notes from the robots, since they will know most of the things.

Questions on "The Giver"

1. Should people ever break the rules in order to achieve a higher purpose?

There are certain circumstances where people should break rules to achieve higher purpose. Rules are never going to be fair to everyone, because the person who made it is a human and some of the rules he makes might be bias. Rules can be fair, but some rules that are not fair can only be changed by breaking or protesting against it. For example in the play of Julius Caesar by Shakespeare, the senators killed Julius Caesar because he was about to become the king of the Roman Empire, and this would have ruined the Roman Empires democracy.

2. How valuable is pain to the human experience?

Pain is the most valuable human experience. Pain lets humans know if something they did is right or wrong. If we couldn’t feel pain we would keep on making the same mistakes many times, and we would never learn from the mistakes. For example, in the book"The Giver"(pg. 55), Asher when he was a Three he said ‘smack’ for ‘snack’, and if he hadn’t been punished for that he would have never learned the difference between ‘smack’ and ‘snack’.

3. At what age are people no longer useful to society?

There is no age, when people are no longer useful to the society, because as a person gets older, they get more experienced than the younger people. As a result younger people have of chance of learning from them, and they can also know the past through them. Everyone in a society is equally important, because if you start taking people out because of differences, like age, then there is a chance that the whole society will collapse.

4. When does one become an adult? What does it mean to be an adult?

One becomes an adult when they become able to accept their responsibility, and when they have enough knowledge to live on their own. To be an adult means that the person can handle any type of situation independently. Being an adult also meant that the person can survive on their own. For example in many countries people get a job and are allowed to marry when they become adults.

5. Which is more important: personal freedom or the good of society?

Any society must start by accepting that all people living inside that society will demand their personal freedom. As a result personal freedom is more important, because when you have personal freedom you can do thing that will benefit the society. When you have personal freedom you can make your own choices, and you can make choices without telling anyone. However in certain circumstances, some personal freedom should be comprised for the good of the society. For example going to school is a compromise for the good of the society. If a person has unlimited personal freedom, they can choose not to go to school when they don’t fell like it, but this choice will not be good for the society.

6. Should people have the right to die?

People should have the right to die, only if they become a burden to the society and can no longer take care of themselves. For example, if a person get an incurable and vary painful disease they have the right to commit suicide.

7. While reading "The Giver" what was the most important technology related issue that came to mind?

While reading “The Giver” there weren’t any technological related issues, because they don’t mention any technological thing, besides the fact that they use microphones to warn people. The people in the community seem unaware of any technology.

8. Should people have unlimited freedom or should governments make choices for people to prevent disorder?

The governments should make choices for people because it makes peoples lives easier and better, because their life is already planned out and the people don’t have to worry about anything. In the book, 'The Giver', the elders ha already planned the future of the people in the community so they don’t have to worry about their future, so everyone seems to be happy.

9. Should people's emotions be controlled?

No, peoples emotions should not be controlled, because if it is controlled, people become like robots. Emotions are what make everyone different. Without emotions people would be the same. Another reason why emotions don’t need to be controlled is because there are certain times where people want to express their feelings. Emotions are what you fell and they are personal, and people should have a choice if they want to express them or not. For example, in the book “The Giver” emotions are extremely controlled and they are not personal to the person, because everyone has to share their feelings with their family during evening, and they have to take pills if they start feeling love and desiring things like Jonas does, which helps them control their emotions.

Short Story- Dystopic Views

What you don’t understand?
The part I didn't understand was, why did Harrison go to jail for? Was he not obeying the law by refusing to get handicapped?

How would Harrison hurt society?
Harrison would hurt the society, because if the Handicapper didn't kill him, then more and more people would start not obeying the law, because they would remember all the talents they have. This would make the society unequal, because there would be someone better than someone else, because no one is perfect at everything.

What would Harrison do that would benefit society?
Harrison would give freedom to everyone, because now they are like slaves under the government. The government officials are the ones who are handicapping the people. This would benefit the society, because this would advance the society, because currently everyone is stupid. This would also help the society learn new things, because some of the people will be good at something, while some are good at other things.

Why are we studying this?
We are studying this, because we can learn how to write a short story, and we can also learning this, because there should be a limit to everything. Like in the case of equality, people take away freedom so that the society is equal. We need to learn that for everything there is a limit and if we cross that then the world will become a dystopia.

Quarter Four Goals

1. My first goal for fourth quarter is to raise my Humanities grade from an A- to, at least an A, or an A+. Fourth quarter's grades are the most important, to me, because this shows how good I've doing in all of my classes, because we have final exams. The fourth quarter grades help me realize which subjects I'm weak at, and how I must improve.

2. My second goal is to learn how to write a good five paragraph essays, because I have heard that in High School we will be writing a lot of essays, and I don't want to lower my grades from something I've learned in the past.

3. My third goal is to learn most of the things about Globalization, and how it will affect our future.

4. My fourth goal is to do well in UbD, and very well in essay. I would like to do this, because UbD is 20% of our grade so if I mess up my grades will go down. I also want to do well in UbD, because this is a major assessment in eighth grade, and it tests all of the things I have learned in Middle School.

2nd Flattener

The second flattener started, in 1990, with the invention of the Internet. All the PC-Windows network revolution, was converted into an Internet-based platform. The application that made the second flattener possible was e-mail, and Internet browsing. E-mail was being supported by AOL, CompuServe, and MSN. Although e-mail played a big role in flattening the world, World Wide Web (WWW) flattened the world even more. Thanks to WWW, now people could retrieve documents from anywhere in the world. Although many scientists were making browsers for the public, the first major browser was created by small start-up company in Mountain View, California, which was called Netscape. Thanks to Netscape which started in 1995, the world started to change very quickly. In 1993 there were only about 50 web pages, but now there are more than imaginable. An example of Internet-browsing would be, typing an address like, www.msn.com, you would get a document in English, but when you type, es.msn.com, you get a document in Spanish. WWW made it possible for you to access any information, form anywhere, and this helped to make the world flat. If we didn't have WWW, it would have been very hard to do research like on UbD, or on the Conflict paper quickly, because it would take us a long time to do the research from the books.

Answers to Twenty Quiz Questions

Are conflict and exploitation inevitable? Or can we change the pattern of history?
No, because there are many things that can start a war. Even a mall thing, like a soccer game, can cause a war, which makes it impossible to predict war. We can change history, but only if we remember history and don’t repeat it.

Why is it in a tyrant’s best interest to create an "Afraid" population?
It is in a tyrant’s best interest to scare people, because scared people are easier to control, than people who are not scared.

What was the journey between Africa and the Americas called in the Triangle Trade?
The journey between Africa and the Americas is a Triangle trade, because first the Europeans brought raw manufactured goods, from Europe to Africa, which they traded the for slaves, who were then taken, by sea, to the Americas to harvest raw goods, and then the raw goods were taken back to Europe where people sold them. This is how the Triangle trade worked, and the path they go through, Europe to Africa to America, is triangular, so it is called a Triangle Trade.

If you had to give 3 CAUSES of the French Revolution, what would they be?
First of all Louis XVI was stupid, and spent a lot of money when his country had none. Secondly they had unfair taxation because the III estate, which mostly consisted the poor, had to pay more taxes than the I, which consisted the clergy, and the II, which mostly consisted the nobles, estates, this happened in the in the all estates assembly where, although the III estate is where the majority of people, they got one vote, the I, and the II estates, the rich estates, voted that the III estate, the poor estate, should pay all the taxes. Lastly the worst thing that King Louis XVI did was that, he threw out the, Jack Necker, the most important person in the III estate, which made everyone on the III estate angry, which lead to the revolution.

Name the longest lasting invention of the French Revolution that millions use every day?
The longest lasting invention of the French Revolution was the metric system.

What century are the following dates in:
1942 CE - 20th century CE1801 AD - 19th century AD11 BC - 1st century BC1599 CE - 16th century CE1997 AD - 20th century AD

What are the three ironies of WWI?
First Zar Nicolas, King George, and Kaizer Wilhelm, had the same grandmother. Secondly one person’s death caused millions of deaths. Thirdly the French made the same mistake thrice by not defending the area near Belgium, because Germany attacked them form the same area during WWI, and WWII.

How did Harriet Tubman fight slavery?
She ran the under ground railway to help slaves from the South escape to the North. She served as a spy for Union Army. She was never caught by bounty hunters, and she never lost a passenger. She was an abolitionist.

How do you write an in text citation for a book in MLA format?
You write the last name of the author, and you write the page number.

Why did the average French citizen dislike Marie Antoinette?
She spent so much money on jewels and other items, when France didn’t have money.

What part of this quarter have you liked the most? The Least?
This quarter I have liked discussions of WWI, and WWII the most, and I there are o assignment that I disliked, because all of the things we did had a purpose.

How did Harriet Beecher Stowe help fight slavery?
She begun a serial for the Washington anti-slavery weekly, the National Era, it was focused on public interest on the issue of slavery. She was familiar with slavery, the antislavery movement, and the Underground Railroad because Kentucky was a slave state, and that was where she lived.

What is Bastille Day?
That is the day that the citizens tore down the Bastille, which held prisoners and weapons.

How are Revolutions and Civil Wars different?
In Revolutions there is or there are radical changes, while in a Civil War there are no radical changes.

When do you use a ":" and a ";"?
You use “:” for a list of things, and you use “;” when combining two similar small sentences.

Define: Hypothesis, Thesis, Hyper thesis, Genocide, Homicide, and Regicide.
Hypothesis means less than thesis. Thesis means a statement proven by evidence. Hyper thesis means more than thesis. Genocide means killing groups. Homicide means killing a person. Regicide means killing kings.

List 3 ways to start an essay. List 3 ways to conclude an essay?
To start you can use an Anecdote, Quotation, or Background. You can conclude an essay with a Question, a strong statement, or Anecdote.

What was the major disagreement in the United States of America in the middle of the 19th century?
The middle of the 19th century (1800's) was during the civil war. The disagreement was between the USA and the CSA, over which states were to be a union or a slave state. The south felt that their way of life was threatened, and this lead to war.

Detail the chain reaction that starts with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
After the killing of Franz Ferdinand, the country of Austria-Hungary tries to conduct an investigation in Serbia. Serbia says that it hasn’t done anything, so asks Russia to help them, which causes Austria-Hungary to ask Germany for help. France automatically involved in the war because it was an ally with Russia. England is also in the war because it was anally with France. Then after France joins, because of previous tension, Germany attacks France through Belgium. The war keeps on going, until 1917, when there is a revolution in Russia. IN the Revolution Zar Nicolas is overthrown and there is a communist government that replaces him. After the revolution, Russia withdraws its forces from the war. Also in 1917, the Unites States is involved in the war. They bring supplies to the British, but the Germans blow their ships up. Thanks to a fresh power, the U.S., the Germans lost the war in 1918. Then the treaty of Versaille was signed, and the treaty took away Germany’s powers, and limited it to do things, like only a 1000 people could be in their army, etc…

What advantages did the USA have that enabled them to defeat the CSA?
The USA had more people, and they had more factories, and they had more railroads.

Quiz Question

1. Are conflict and exploitation inevitable? Or can we change the pattern of history?

Burundi Civil War

The war in Burundi, which lasted from 1993 to 1999, is recorded as one of the bloodiest civil wars in the modern history. The war in Burundi was civil war because as explained by James D. Fearon, PhD, Professor of Political Science; CISAC Affiliated Faculty Member of the Stanford University “Civil war refers to a violent conflict between organized groups within a country that are fighting over control of the government, one side's separatist goals, or some divisive government policy” (Fearon, James D. "Civil War."). The war was between two local forces who wanted to control the country. The war was between the Tutsis and the Hutus, which are the two main ethnic inhabitants of Burundi. This war started because both of the local forces tried to control and rule Burundi. Both the Hutus and the Tutsis did not want to bring radical change in the government, but just wanted to grab the power.

The war was between the Tutsis and the Hutus, which are the two main ethnic inhabitants of Burundi. Tutsis lived in harmony in Central Africa During the colonial era. The two groups lived as one, speaking the same language, intermarrying, and obeying a nearly godlike Tutsi king. (“Crises in Central Africa." Hutu-Tutsi Fighting Prompts Refugee). Although once peacefully co-existing, between the two ethnic groups of Burundi some tension had remained due to the power vacuum left behind by Belgium - when it declared Burundi as an independent country in 1962. The monarchy was dissolved and Belgian troops withdrawn. Although a minority, Burundi was then controlled by Tutsi, who disliked the majority, the Hutu. This struggle slowly built up into mutual hatred and dislike amongst Hutus and Tutsis. This was a fundamental seed to the civil war. (“Crises in Central Africa." Hutu-Tutsi Fighting Prompts Refugee)

This war started because both of the local forces tried to control and rule Burundi. The minor ethnic tension escalated into a full-scale civil war, after the election in 1993. A Hutu, Melchior Ndadaye was elected as the president in this election. President Ndadaye was the first person from the Hutu tribe to become the President. ("Burundi Civil War." Military) Although Hutu tribe forms the majority of the people, the government in Burundi had always remained dominated by the Tutsis. In October of 1993, President Ndadaye was killed in a coup d'état staged by Tutsi military officers. ("Democracy Glimpsed and Lost: AD 1993-1999." History of Burundi) Violence between the two local forces followed the coup, as the Hutus wanted to avenge the killing of Ndadaye. As a result the Tutsi military killed thousands of Hutus in an attempt to remain in power. The Tutsi ruler and the National Council for the Defense of Democracy or Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie and Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie) were the principle power behind the bloody civil war. ("Burundi Civil War." Military)

The conflict provides evidence that the local forces didn’t want to bring any radical changes in the country. None of the two groups have shown any concern for human rights, or have established a rule of law or make effort toward reconciliation. (“Profile." Background Note: Burundi) The Hutus wanted power and so did the Tutsis, which controlled the government since its independence. When Hutus finally got their chance, it was ruined by the assassination of the elected Hutu president, Ndadaye. The Hutu were very angry at the Tutsis for killing their leader, do they wanted to take revenge. ("Democracy Glimpsed and Lost: AD 1993-1999." History of Burundi) The Tutsis were also hungry for power so they used their military against the Hutus. None of the groups have shown concerns for the ordinary people. ("Burundi Civil War." Military)

The war in Burundi has been said to be one of the bloodiest war in the modern history. Since October 1993 approximately 300,000 persons have been killed in ethnic violence. ("Burundi Civil War." Military) According to an international human rights organization, “The number of civilians killed during 1997 and 1998 were about 900 persons per month”. (International Human Right Watch. Civil war of Burundi) The war was fought between two ethnic groups of the same country, which once coexisted. There was no foreign aggression involved and the war and the war was simply fought to take control of the government.

Cites:

• Lemuchand, Rene. Burundi. New York: Woodrow Wilson International Center for scholars, 1995.

• "Burundi Civil War." Military. 2007. GlobalSecurity. 20 Feb. 2007 .

• "Democracy Glimpsed and Lost: AD 1993-1999." History of Burundi. History World. 22 Feb. 2007 .

• "Burundi: Country Overview." World Geography. 2007. ABC-CLIO. 25 Feb. 2007 .

• "Burundi." The World Fact book. 2007. CIA. 20 Feb. 2007 .

• Fearon, James D. "Civil War." Civil War Definition Transcends Politics. 2006. Freeman Spogli Institute for International Study. 23 Feb. 2007 http://fsi.stanford.edu/news/civil_war_definition_transcends_politics_20060410/

• “Crises in Central Africa." Hutu-Tutsi Fighting Prompts Refugee. 1996. CNN. 23 Feb. 2007 .

• “Profile." Background Note: Burundi. 2007. U.S. Department of States. 24 Feb. 2007 .

• International Human Right Watch. Civil war of Burundi. Burundi Bulletin. 2001.

The Forty Third War: Journal 8

This morning we were woken up early, because we were to switch with the soldiers who were patrolling. We heard Sergeant Diaz and Sergeant Juan were arguing about something. They were saying that the loyalists had figured out our location. We didn’t know how, but we thought it was because of the noise we made last night while firing the guns. Sergeant Diaz was worried and wanted our troop go back, but Sergeant Juan said that the troops would be here any time. After about thirty minutes there was a machine gun firing at us from the other side of the river. It went on for about two minutes and it stopped, and they fired after two minutes again. We were told not to shoot. We waited for some time, and when the loyalists appeared form the other side, we were told to kill them. Ten minutes later, the other troops arrived, and they started to run to the other side, we followed them. I wasn’t around my friends, but I wasn’t worried, because I am a good soldier. On the way to the city, we killed everyone on our way. So we started to search the city, because no one was there. We killed them all of the snipers. Then we went to the church located at the center of the city. A sniper shot Eduardo on his shoulder, so I pulled him in the church, where he was taken care of. Suddenly, a man shot everyone until he was killed. I was also shot on the shoulder. It was very painful, and then I fainted.

I woke up, with Roberto on my side. He said that Carlos was wounded grievously and he was taken to a hospital. I fell asleep again. I woke up when we were in another camp. Roberto told me that the captain had decided that all of the soldiers were to go to their villages. When the army needed soldiers, someone would be sent to get them. The revolutionary army was going underground to prepare for another battle.

The Forty Third War: Journal 7

Today, we were woken up early by the Sergeant’s whistle. He told us to meat at the HQ immediately. We were told that the city of Juticalpa was under control of the loyalists, and that some of us were going to the river to clear all of the loyalists we could find. We were then given our load of things to carry, and then Sergeant Juan told that Carlos, Roberto, and I along with some others were going to walk to the bank of the river to kill of the loyalists we could find. Immediately we started the hike. We walked for about six hours, and we reached there at about two o'clock. We set up a small camp, and another Sergeant named Diaz was also there, with other soldiers that I didn't know. Carlos and I were put on the right corner of our camp to patrol for anything that seemed harmful to us. We sat there for a couple of hours, when we heard a splashing sound. Then three boats appeared with men on it. Diaz told us to wait for his signal when to fire. Then he gave the signal. In a matter of seconds we killed all of them. All of them were dead. Two men had tried to swim to the shore when I shot one, and someone else shot the other. We were then told by the Sergeant to switch places and for the people who were on patrol to get some rest.

We were given some food to eat, and it was two pieces of bread with beans. We talked for some time, about how many men we had killed. We also talked about how it will be when all of the soldiers from the revolutionary army join forces to get Juticalpa. We hoped that they came, because that was what the Sergeant told us. Some time later we all slept.

The Forty Third War: Journal 6

Today, we woke up late. All of the other soldiers were asleep when I woke up. I hit Roberto and Carlos on their ribs to wake them up. After we woke up, we rolled up our blankets, and started to talk. We talked about the people we killed last night, and I had actually killed one man, and I couldn't believe it. Later that morning, we started to have wrestling competitions amongst ourselves, because the Sergeant or the captain hadn't ordered us to do anything. I was the first person to wrestle, with another guy named Eduardo. We fought for about five minutes, and then I threw him on the ground, and he gave up because I had a grapple locked on him. I thought that the training that the army had given us was useful, because If we didn't have a weapon, and we had to fight another bigger person, we could knock them down easily with all of the moves. Later that day, after lunch, captain told us that we were going to learn martial arts, so we could be better at fighting. We learned how to kick, punch and doge well. We also learned to jump high, and do stunts. Then we were taught how to fight using all of the things we had learned. We learned how to combine a stunt, and a kick, and how to fake an attack. After learning all of the new things we were all tired.

For the rest of the day we were told to practice all of the things we had learned. My friends and I had another competition using martial arts. I was good at it, I won a match against Carlos. At around six we were told to eat dinner which was meat, and some tortillas. It was wonderful. It had been a long time since I had meat. After finishing our dinner, we were told to go to sleep.

The Forty Third War: Journal 5

Today, we woke up pretty early, because the captain had blown the whistle. After we woke up we were quickly given some coffee, and some tortillas, with beans. We were then told to gather around the HQ, and the captain told us that the Loyalist army had moved to the capital city of, Juticalpa, and that if the loyalists get control of the city, we will lose the battle. After the instructions, we were given two clips of ammunition, and our blankets to carry, and then we left for the hike.

We walked a lot and we were going to visit a village for some support on the main battle. After about two hours, we reached a village. The people in the village were all dead. We searched everywhere for people and found a small boy. He told us that the loyalists had shot everyone on the village and that he wasn't killed, because he was hiding in the forest. We made graves for most of the dead people, and Roberto was told to find clothes to wrap the dead bodies. After burying them we started to go back to the village. Along with the boy, we started to hike back at the camp. On the way the captain told us that we were going to drop the boy off at the American mission, where they would take care of him. We walked for about an hour and found the village of the American mission. We left the boy there and we were off again. Some time later we spotted seven loyalists in front of us and they were walking towards us. We ambushed them, and all of them were dead. We stole all the ammunition they had. Then we started to walk back carrying the ammunition. We didn't stop on our way. After about an hour and a half we were back at the camp. I saw that dinner was ready, because it was already dark. After eating, we took our blankets out and then we slept.

The Forty Third War: Journal 4

Today I woke up late, because I was tired of the hike yesterday. Next to the tent there were four rocket launchers on the ground, and I wondered if we were heading out for the battle today. Unsure of what was going to happen, I started to clean my rifle, because there was nothing for me to do. I remembered the good days, when I used to wake up and see my mom, and sister. A few moments later everyone woke up, and started to clean their weapons. I wondered if we would get killed like the two who had died in the raid. Then I had a frightening thought, “Will I ever see my family. Will I die and will the army burry me without any rituals." We were given the same lunch but slightly early. After lunch, we started to talk about how the war was going to end. Then I saw a big crowd of soldiers near the HQ. We all were curious about what was happening, so we all went there. Some soldiers older than me and soldiers as old as me were playing baseball.

We asked if we could play, and the captain said that we could. After about forty minutes, when all of the people who were playing got tired I was allowed to bat. The pitcher was a guy named Enrique. I had two strikes, but on the third ball I scored a homerun. I scored about four homeruns during the whole game. When we were done, the captain came up to me and said that I had played good. Everyone said that Enrique, and I were the best players. We played until we couldn't see the ball anymore. I would have volunteered to join the army if I knew that they played baseball. I felt free and wonderful after we played baseball. We were given dinner of bread, beans, and coffee. After we ate we were ordered to go to sleep.

The Forty Third War: Journal 3

This morning I woke up very early, not many soldiers were awake yet. I started to roll my blankets, when I saw the captain wondering around the camp. He looked very concerned. Although I knew that a soldier was not allowed to speak to a captain directly, I dared to ask if we will ever win this war. He thought for some time and then replied, "We might win the war one day or another." I could see that six soldiers were digging two holes in the ground. I knew that they were the grave for the two who had died during the raid last night. The Sergeant asked us to pray for the soldiers. As the soldiers started throwing dirt on the bodies, I felt the dead soldiers deserved more than that. It was not how we buried our deads in the village. I thought about coffins and proper rituals.

After the ceremony, we were told to clean our rifles. The Sergeant showed us the proper way of dismantling the rifle to clean it. We were then given lunch, which was again tortillas, beans, and coffee. After we ate, the captain ordered us to divide into two teams. One team was lead by the Sergeant, and the other in which Roberto, Carlos, and I were in was lead by the captain himself. We hiked a hill for about two hours. While we hiked, the captain had us do many drills. We were practicing all of the sign languages, the shooting positions, and how to sneak and shoot. I wandered why we were doing all this. I also thought if we were going to start a battle soon. We hurried back to the camp, because it was getting dark. At the camp, we were given the same dinner. We were then ordered to get our blankets and ordered to sleep.

The Forty Third War: Journal 2

This morning I woke up thinking about my sister, Alicia. She was very talkative before and knew how to keep a conversation going. These days she doesn't talk as much. She stopped talking after the loyalists took her in their trucks and did something to her. I wonder what they did to make her so quiet. After I put my cover and blanket back to the tent, I started to clean my rifle. Some moment later everyone woke up, and then we were told to gather near the tent with the HQ (Headquarter) sign posted on it. The Sergeant taught us how to load and unload the AK-47. When the training started, it was very hard to load the rifle, but after a few tries I was comfortable doing it. After everyone got the hang of it, the Sergeant made us do the same drill blindfolded. I had no clue what I was doing, so I got slapped by the Sergeant. After many tries, I knew how to load my weapon without any difficulties blindfolded. We were given a ten minutes before we started practicing the shooting positions on our weapons. We did not fire because the army did not have enough ammunition for the AK-47. We were then given lunch, which was the same - tortillas, beans, and a cup of coffee. After we ate, we were ordered to meet at the HQ again. The captain was talking when we heard a sound from the horizon, approaching the camp. The captain quickly notified us that this was a helicopter raid, and we needed to take cover. Roberto, Carlos and I quickly ran towards a rocky place, covered by trees and then hid there. The helicopter started firing every where for ten minutes, then flew away.

Some soldiers told us that two people had died and five were wounded. Rest of the day we spent cleaning the camp. Dinner was the same as lunch. We were ordered to practice what we had learned during the day. I kept on thinking about the helicopter raid and dead people before falling asleep.

The Forty Third War: Journal 1

After hours of driving, we arrived at the camp tired and thirsty. The soldiers in the truck pushed us out of the truck very roughly. My friend, Carlos, my cousin, Roberto, and I were the new recruits. We were pushed near a tent, where a bundle of clothes was kept. Sergeant Juan shouted at us to wear the clothes that were on the ground. We took the clothes. We all were given a pair of brown pants, and a green shirt. Carlos seemed happy, because he always wanted new clothes. Then we were taught many maneuvers, including hand signals used by the guerrilla army during battles . I was not sure of what was going on, but slowly I started to understand the commands. We had a half hour break and then the captain come and told us that it was time for lunch. When the food was being served, Carlos and I tried to run for it, but instantly the captain hit us with his rifle. We understood that we had to wait for the captain's orders before eating. We were served beans, and tortillas with a cup of coffee. Roberto, Carlos, and I sat under a tree and started to eat. As we were eating many other soldiers came near us too. I was scared first, and then asked a soldier named Jose, what was going on. He said that the revolutionaries didn't have enough army people, so they were recruiting every man they could find.

After we ate, we were assigned an AK-47 each. We were given instructions on how to handle the weapon for the whole day. It was uncomfortable at first, but then I statred to enjoy it. We were given dinner around nine. We were given the same food as we had eaten for lunch. After dinner, we were ordered to get blankets and covers from a tent, and we were ordered to sleep.

The Forty Third War: Intro

My name is Antonio Sanchez, and I am twelve. I come from a small town in Central America, and I load bananas onto ships to earn money. I have only gone to school for two years, because I had to work, and help my parents as we didn't have enough money. There is a war going on in my country, between the revolutionaries, and loyalists, and both armies often visit our village to take supplies, and sometimes they come to "recruit" men.

This morning, I woke up early because of a disturbing sound. The unusual sound was of army trucks, which were getting closer to our village. I woke up and wondered what was going on. I went outside, making sure that my mom, and my sister, Alicia, won't wake up. I saw two army trucks parked in the village square. I went outside and stood there watching what was happening. Then I saw twenty army men jump out of the trucks. Mr. Ramirez, the head of our village, was also there. I saw them arguing about something. I went closer to see what was going on. Suddenly I figured out that they were people from the revolutionary army, and they were here to recruit "fighters". I cringed and tried to run, but a soldier had sneaked behind me. He hit me on my stomach, and then on my head with the butt of his rifle. He dragged me across the square to his captain. I could see that my cousin and my fried were already there. Although I wanted to, I decided not to run, because they would shoot anyone who ran.

By now almost everyone from the village was there. The captain shouted to us that he had decided to recruit us in his army. I wondered if I would ever see my family. Soon we were loaded in a truck. The engine started, and seconds later we were driving away form the village.